Markets enter a potentially pivotal week as the S&P 500 ($SPX) (SPY) navigates significant geopolitical developments and the year's most anticipated monetary policy speech. President Trump's Alaska summit with Russian President Vladimir Putin concluded Friday evening without agreement, though Trump characterized the talks as "very productive". Monday's scheduled meeting with Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy adds another layer of geopolitical complexity for markets to digest. However, the week's defining moment arrives Friday morning with Fed Chair Jerome Powell's annual Jackson Hole speech, an event historically used to signal major policy shifts and one that could determine the trajectory of rate cut expectations. Market odds for a September 17 rate cut currently stand around 85%, down from near-certainty following recent hot inflation and mixed economic data, while investors are pricing in another cut by year-end with decent chances of a third adjustment. The week also delivers important retail earnings from Target (TGT) and Walmart (WMT), providing comprehensive insights into consumer spending health amid ongoing economic uncertainties.

Here are 5 things to watch this week in the Market.

Powell's Jackson Hole Policy Pronouncement

Friday's Jackson Hole speech by Fed Chair Jerome Powell at 10am represents the week's most consequential event, with markets hanging on every word for clues about the central bank's policy trajectory amid ongoing leadership uncertainty and mixed economic signals. Powell has historically used this annual symposium to announce or foreshadow major policy shifts, making this year's address particularly significant given the 85% market odds for a September rate cut and recent volatility in economic data. The speech comes as Powell faces unprecedented political pressure from the Trump administration, with reports of an active search for his replacement creating additional complexity around monetary policy communication. Markets will scrutinize Powell's assessment of labor market conditions, inflation progress, and the overall economic outlook for insights into the timing and magnitude of potential rate adjustments. Any deviation from market expectations could trigger significant volatility across rate-sensitive sectors and influence the dollar's trajectory.

Geopolitical Tensions and Market Implications

The week begins with heightened geopolitical focus following President Trump's "very productive" but ultimately unsuccessful Alaska summit with Russian President Vladimir Putin, setting the stage for Monday's meeting with Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy. These high-stakes diplomatic developments create potential for market volatility, particularly in energy, defense, and commodity sectors that are sensitive to geopolitical tensions. The meetings' outcomes could influence everything from energy prices to defense spending priorities and international trade relationships. Markets will closely monitor any announcements or policy shifts emerging from these discussions, especially regarding sanctions, trade agreements, or military support arrangements. The timing of these geopolitical events alongside Fed policy uncertainty creates a complex backdrop for investment decisions, with safe-haven assets potentially seeing increased demand if tensions escalate or risk assets benefiting from any diplomatic breakthroughs.

Retail Earnings Consumer Reality Check

The week delivers a comprehensive assessment of consumer health through major retail earnings, with Target (TGT) reporting Wednesday and Walmart (WMT) Thursday. These results will provide insights into consumer spending patterns, inventory management, and pricing power amid ongoing inflation concerns and labor market changes. Target's results will be particularly important for assessing discretionary spending trends and the health of middle-income consumers, while Walmart's earnings will offer perspective on value-seeking behavior and essential goods demand. Both companies' commentary about back-to-school shopping trends, holiday inventory planning, and consumer sentiment will be closely watched for economic implications. Home Depot (HD) Tuesday will provide additional consumer perspective through home improvement spending trends, while Alibaba (BABA) Thursday will offer insights into Chinese consumer behavior and e-commerce trends.

Fed Minutes and Manufacturing Momentum

Wednesday's FOMC meeting minutes at 2pm will provide additional context for interpreting Friday's Jackson Hole speech, offering insights into the internal Fed discussions that shaped recent policy decisions. The minutes will be scrutinized for any hints about future policy direction, particularly regarding dissenting views or evolving assessments of economic conditions. Thursday brings a comprehensive view of manufacturing activity with the Philadelphia Fed Manufacturing Index at 8:30am, Manufacturing PMI at 9:45am, and Services PMI at 9:45am. These reports will provide timely insights into business conditions across major economic sectors, particularly important given ongoing questions about economic momentum and the sustainability of recent growth trends. The convergence of Fed policy insights and real-time business activity data creates potential for significant market reactions if the reports collectively suggest strengthening or weakening economic conditions.

Housing Market and Corporate Technology Trends

Thursday's existing home sales data at 10am will provide the latest snapshot of residential real estate activity amid elevated mortgage rates and ongoing economic uncertainties. The housing market has been particularly sensitive to interest rate expectations, making this data especially relevant given the Fed policy uncertainty surrounding Powell's Friday speech. Any signs of stabilization or deterioration in housing activity could influence Fed policy considerations and impact rate-sensitive sectors. The week also features Palo Alto Networks (PANW) earnings Monday, providing insights into cybersecurity spending and enterprise technology trends. Medtronic (MDT) Tuesday will offer perspective on medical device demand and healthcare technology adoption. These earnings will help assess corporate spending priorities and technology investment trends amid broader economic uncertainty.

Best of luck this week and don't forget to check out my daily options article.